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Clinical Chemistry Test Bank Chapter 35 (Kidney Disease)

1- A 36-year-old individual visits her physician with a complaint of nausea,loss of appetite,weakness,and an inability to concentrate.Laboratory results indicate increased serum urea and creatinine,increased potassium,reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR),low blood pH,anemia (low red blood cell count),and hypocalcemia.What is the likely diagnosis??




... Answer is C)
2- The portion of a nephron considered the most metabolically active and that is involved in the reabsorption of 60% to 80% of the glomerular filtrate and that secretes 90% of hydrogen ion excreted by the kidney is the:?




... Answer is B)
3- A patient with elevated serum nitrogen compounds,markedly reduced GFR,increased serum sodium and potassium,and metabolic acidosis is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI).Which one of the following is a likely cause??




... Answer is B)
4- Which of the following laboratory results would point to a diagnosis of acute nephritic syndrome in an individual who exhibits hypertension and edema??




... Answer is C)
5- The functional unit of the kidney is the:?




... Answer is D)
6- If a physician requests a creatinine clearance on an individual,what is the physician attempting to determine??




... Answer is A)
7- Which one of the following components of the renal system is most important for regulation of plasma electrolytes and acid-base balance??




... Answer is D)
8- In homeostatic regulation of plasma acid-base concentrations,sodium is both actively and passively exchanged in the tubules for which one of the following ions??




... Answer is C)
9- Which one of the following statements regarding creatinine is correct??




... Answer is B)
10- Secretion of renin and aldosterone is induced by low blood pressure and volume.Renin is synthesized in the _____ and aldosterone is made in the _____.?




... Answer is A)
11- Secretion of renin and aldosterone is induced by low blood pressure and volume.What other hormone would be released in the event of low blood pressure and volume??




... Answer is D)
12- A 45-year-old man visits his physician with complaints of insatiable thirst,sudden onset of fatigue,polydipsia,and polyuria.Laboratory results indicate a normal fasting blood sugar.Serum sodium was slightly elevated.Urine was clear and had low specific gravity (hypotonic).The most likely cause of these symptoms and laboratory results would be:?




... Answer is D)
13- Upon microscopic examination,an individual's urine shows many bacteria,white blood cells,and cellular casts composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.It is likely that this individual has:?




... Answer is A)
14- If an individual has a normal GFR and a hyperchloremic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with a freshly voided early morning urine specimen which has a pH of 6.5,what is the likely diagnosis??




... Answer is D)
15- Damage to the glomerulus would be suspected when the urine sediment contains:?




... Answer is B)
16- Why is bone disease a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)??




... Answer is C)
17- You have been asked what laboratory tests should be requested to assess the electrolyte balance regulatory function of an individual's kidneys.Which of the following is your reply??




... Answer is B)
18- The major artery that expands into the capillary bed that forms the glomerulus is the:?




... Answer is A)
19- The most common glomerular disease worldwide is:?




... Answer is C)
20- A 46-year-old patient visits her physician with a complaint of chest pain,blood in her urine,and oliguria.She states that these symptoms have gotten worse over the past 2 to 3 months.Urine and blood samples are collected.Urine GFR is calculated to be 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 and hemoglobin is 8 g/dL.Urine protein was elevated,with the presence of red blood cell casts.Upon review of her health history,it was noted that she was a cigarette smoker with hypertension.The most likely diagnosis in this case would be:?




... Answer is B)
21- In an individual with chronic kidney disease,what might be the predominant cause of the low hemoglobin value and anemia??




... Answer is A)
22- An individual presents to his physician with generalized weakness and fatigue.Blood is collected and an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis is noted.Serum protein is moderately decreased,but the urine reagent dipstick does not indicate proteinuria.Upon confirmatory testing with a precipitation test,the urine protein is 4+.Based on other symptoms,the physician suspects multiple myeloma.What might be the cause of the discrepancy in urine protein values??




... Answer is D)
23- In multiple myeloma,what protein is likely causing an elevated value in the urine protein confirmatory test??




... Answer is B)
24- The volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidneys per unit of time is the definition of:?




... Answer is D)
25- Which one of the following is the correct formula for determining glomerular filtration rate??




... Answer is A)
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